For preteen overweight girls, “pediatrically correct” literature may help normalize BMI . 对于preteen超重的女孩， “ pediatrically正确的”文学可以帮助恢复正常体重 。

DukeHealth.org - It’s no secret that reading is beneficial. DukeHealth.org -这已经不是什么秘密，阅读是有益的。 But can it help kids lose weight?但是，它可以帮助孩子减肥？ In the first study to look at the impact of literature on obese adolescents, researchers at Duke Children’s Hospital discovered that reading the right type of novel may make a difference.在第一项研究看文学的影响青少年的肥胖，研究人员在杜克大学儿童医院发现，阅读正确类型的小说可能会有所作为。

The Duke researchers asked obese females ages 9 to 13 who were already in a comprehensive weight loss program to read an age-appropriate novel called Lake Rescue (Beacon Street Press).杜克大学研究人员要求年龄肥胖女性9日至13日谁已经全面减重计画阅读与年龄相适应的新的要求湖营救（灯塔街出版社） 。 It was carefully crafted with the help of pediatric experts to include specific healthy lifestyle and weight management guidance, as well as positive messages and strong role models.这是经过精心策划的帮助下，儿科的专家，包括具体的健康的生活方式和体重管理的指导，以及积极的信息和强有力的榜样。

Six months later, the Duke researchers found the 31 girls who read Lake Rescue experienced a significant decrease in their BMI scores (-.71 percent) when compared to a control group of 14 girls who hadn’t (+.05 percent), explained Alexandra C. Russell, MD, a fourth-year medical student at Duke who led the study and presented the findings at the Obesity Society’s annual scientific meeting.六个月后，杜克大学研究人员发现， 31女孩谁读湖救援经历了一个显着减少他们的体质指数得分（ -. 71 ）相比，对照组的14名女孩谁没有（ + 0.05个百分点） ，解释亚历山德拉C拉塞尔，医学博士，四年级医学生谁在杜克大学领导这项研究，并介绍了调查结果的肥胖学会的年度科学会议。

“As a pediatrician, I can’t count the number of times I tell parents to buy a book that might provide useful advice, yet I’ve never been able to point to research to back up my recommendations,” says Sarah Armstrong, MD, director of Duke’s Healthy Lifestyles Program where the research took place. “作为一名儿科医生，我不能指望了多少次我告诉父母买一本书，可能会提供有用的意见，但我从来就无法为指向的研究来支持我的建议，说： ”莎拉阿姆斯特朗博士主任杜克大学的健康生活计划的研究发生。 “This is the first prospective interventional study that found literature can have a positive impact on healthy lifestyle changes in young girls.” “这是首次介入前瞻性研究发现文学可以产生积极的影响健康的生活方式的改变年轻女孩。 ”

Obesity is becoming more prevalent in children, according to the CDC, which reports that 16 percent of children ages 6 to 19 are overweight or obese, a number that has tripled since 1980.肥胖正变得越来越普遍的儿童，根据疾病控制和预防中心报告说，其中百分之十六的儿童6岁至19人超重或肥胖，这一数字已经从1980年的三倍。 Researchers are looking at a variety of ways to help kids stay healthy, lose weight and be more active, but Armstrong says, “most don’t work very well.研究人员正在寻找各种方式来帮助孩子们保持健康，减肥和更积极，但阿姆斯特朗说， “最不工作得非常好。 The weight loss options that are effective typically involve taking powerful medications with side effects, or require permanent surgical procedures.”体重减轻选项，有效通常涉及到与强大的药物副作用，或需要长期外科手术。 “

While the BMI decrease attributed to the book is small, Armstrong says any decrease in BMI is encouraging because BMI typically increases in children as they grow and develop.虽然体重减少归因于这本书是小，阿姆斯特朗说，任何身体质量指数下降是令人鼓舞的，因为增加体重通常在孩子成长和发展。 That’s okay as long as it follows a normal, progressing curve.这没关系，只要遵循正常，进展曲线。 In overweight kids, however, BMI usually increases more rapidly.超重的孩子，但是，体重通常增加更为迅速。 “If their BMI percentile goes down, it means they are they are either losing weight or getting tall and not gaining weight. “如果他们的身体质量指数百分的股价下跌，这意味着他们是他们不是减肥或越来越高，而不是体重增加。 Both are seen as positive indicators in kids who are trying to lose weight,” she explains.这被看作是积极的指标，谁的孩子正在努力减肥， “她解释说。

The idea that a book can positively influence weight loss and decrease BMI is “encouraging because it’s fairly easy to implement,” she added.这一想法一本书可以产生积极的影响体重减轻和降低体重是“令人鼓舞的，因为它比较容易执行， ”她补充说。 “And it’sa welcome addition to a world where there aren’ta lot of alternatives.” “这是值得欢迎的除了世界那里不是很多的替代品。 ”

When dining at Chinese Buffets, overweight Americans serve themselves and eat differently than normal weight individuals.当餐厅在中国自助餐，超重的美国人担任，吃自己不同于正常体重的人。 This may lead them to overeat, according to a recent study by Cornell University’s Food and Brand Lab, and make it harder to lose weight.这可能导致他们吃得过多，根据最近的一份研究报告康奈尔大学食品和品牌实验室，使之难以减轻体重。 Compared to normal weight diners, overweight individuals sat 16 feet closer to the buffet, faced the food, used larger plates, ate with forks instead of chopsticks, and served themselves immediately instead of browsing the buffet.相对于体重正常用餐，超重个人坐在16英尺接近自助餐，面临的粮食，用更大的盘子，刀叉吃的不是筷子，并立即本身不是浏览自助餐。

“What’s crazy is that these people are generally unaware of what they’re doing – they’re unaware of sitting closer, facing the food, chewing less, and so on,” say Brian Wanink, lead author of this study and of the book “Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think.” “什么是疯狂的是，这些人一般都知道他们在做什么-他们不知道坐在密切，所面临的食品，咀嚼少等问题， ”布赖恩说， W anink，主要作者和这项研究的这本书“考虑的饮食：为什么我们吃得比想像多。 ”

The study was published in the journal Obesity and includes observations of 213 diners at 11 all-you-can-eat Chinese restaurant buffets across the country.这项研究结果发表在杂志肥胖和意见，其中包括213个食客在11日所有您可以，中国餐馆吃自助餐全国各地。 Study participants included a range of normal weight to obese diners, none of whom were Asian.参与研究的包括各种正常体重的肥胖用餐，没有人是亚裔。 Major study findings include:主要研究结果包括：

* 27 percent of normal-weight patrons faced the buffet compared to 42 percent of obese diners. *百分之二十七正常体重顾客面临的自助餐相比，百分之四十二的肥胖食客。
* Overweight diners sat an average of 16 feet closer than normal-weight diners. *超重食客坐在平均接近16英尺比体重正常的食客。
* 16 percent of obese diners sat at a booth rather than a table compared to 38 percent of normal weight diners *百分之十六的肥胖食客坐在摊位，而不是一个表相比，百分之三十八的正常体重食客
* 71 percent of normal-weight diners browsed the buffet before serving themselves compared to 33 percent of obese diners *百分之七十一的正常体重食客浏览之前的自助服务本身相比，百分之三十三的肥胖食客
* 24 percent of normal-weight people used chopsticks compared with 9 percent of overweight people *百分之二十四体重正常的人使用筷子与百分之九的超重的人

“When food is more convenient people tend to eat more,” say coauthor Collin R. Payne, New Mexico State University. “当食物更方便人们往往吃得更多， ”作者说，科林河佩恩，新墨西哥州州立大学。

“These seemingly subtle differences in behavior and environment may cause people to overeat without even realizing it” (Courtesy of EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS). “这些看似细微的差异的行为和环境可能会导致人们吃得过多，甚至实现它” （礼貌斑马！ ，服务的美国科学促进会） 。

Harvard.edu - Many of us would like to firm up our waistlines, a goal that seems more frustrating and elusive the older we get. Harvard.edu -我们中的许多人要坚定我们的腰围，这个目标似乎更令人沮丧和老年人难以得到。 Working on strengthening a variety of trunk muscles, collectively known as “the core,” can help tone up abdominal muscles and much more, according to the October 2008 issue of Harvard Women’s Health Watch .关于加强工作的各种躯干肌肉，统称为“核心” ，可以帮助调了腹部肌肉及更多，根据2008年10月哈佛大学的问题妇女的健康观察。

The core muscles - the muscles in the abdomen, lower back, and pelvis - lie roughly between the rib cage and the hips.核心肌肉-肌肉的腹部，腰部和骨盆-谎言之间的大致肋骨和臀部。 The strength and coordination of these muscles is important not only for sports and fitness routines but also for daily life - for example, reaching up to a shelf, lifting a child, or sponging a spot off the floor.的力量和协调这些肌肉是重要的不仅是体育和健身套路，而且对日常生活中-例如，达到架子，起重一个孩子，或海绵位置从地板上。

Experts conclude from studies that well-coordinated core muscle use stabilizes the spine and helps create a firm base of support for virtually all movement.专家得出结论，研究，协调良好的核心肌肉使用稳定脊柱，并帮助建立一个坚实的基础，支持几乎所有的运动。 Exercises that strengthen abdominal and other core muscles should be part of an overall fitness plan that includes regular, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.演习，以加强腹部和其他核心肌肉应是全面健身计划，包括定期的中等强度的有氧运动。 Guidelines also encourage us to get 20 to 30 minutes of strength training two to three times a week, and that might be a good time to fit in a few exercises designed to work the core.准则还鼓励我们获得20到30分钟的力量训练两到三倍一个星期，这可能是一个好时机，适合于少数几个演习旨在工作的核心。

Harvard Women’s Health Watch notes that in order to be safe and effective, core-strengthening exercises require proper alignment and progression from one type of exercise to another, adjusted to your body and fitness level. 哈佛大学妇女保健观察指出，为了安全和有效的，核心加强演习需要适当的调整和发展的一种类型的运动到另一国，调整到你的身体和健康水平。 Anyone wishing to try core-strengthening exercises should work at a comfortable pace and avoid doing anything that causes pain.凡希望尝试的核心工作应加强工作，舒适的速度和避免做任何导致疼痛。

WISC.edu - For the first time researchers have found a messaging system in the brain - NF-κB , or nuclear factor-kappa B - that directly affects food intake and body weight. WISC.edu -首次研究人员发现一种通讯系统在大脑- NF -κ B的，或核因子-κ B -这直接影响到食物摄入量和体重。

Reported in the October 3, 2008 issue of Cell , the findings (from a study in mice) point to a completely new approach to treating and preventing obesity in humans.报告中二零零八年十月三日出版的Cell上，调查结果（从研究小鼠）指向一个完全新的办法来预防和治疗肥胖的人。 The discovery also offers hope for new ways to treat related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases - the most prevalent health problems in the United States and the rest of the developed world.这一发现还提供了希望，新的方法来治疗相关疾病，如2型糖尿病和心血管疾病-最普遍的健康问题在美国和其他发达国家。

Led by Dongsheng Cai, an assistant professor of physiology at the UW School of Medicine and Public Health, the researchers looked specifically at the hypothalamus - the brain structure responsible for maintaining a steady state in the body - and for the first time found that a cell-signaling pathway primarily associated with inflammation also influences the regulation of food intake.由东胜蔡助理教授生理学在华盛顿大学医学院和公共卫生，研究人员期待专门下丘脑-大脑结构负责维持一个稳定状态的机构-并首次发现，细胞，信号转导通路，主要与炎症有关也影响了调节食物摄入量。 Stimulating the pathway led the animals to increase their energy consumption, while suppressing it helped them maintain normal food intake and body weight.刺激通路导致动物增加其能源消费，同时抑制它帮助他们维护正常的食物摄入量和体重。

The research stems from recent explorations into the problem called metabolic inflammation, a by-product of too much food or energy consumption.这项研究源于近年来探索的问题称为代谢炎症，一个副产品太多食物或能源消耗。 Unlike the classical inflammation typically observed in infections, injuries and diseases such as cancer, the metabolic inflammation seen in obesity-related diseases is much milder, doesn’t lead to overt symptoms or cause tissues damage.不同于传统的炎症通常观察到的感染，损伤和疾病，如癌症，代谢炎症看到肥胖有关的疾病是比较温和，不会导致明显的症状，或造成组织损伤。

Metabolic inflammation is a chronic, low-grade condition consisting of inflammatory-like responses at the molecular level.代谢炎症是一种慢性，低等级的条件组成的发炎样的反应在分子水平上。 It has many downstream consequences, says Cai.它有许多下游的后果，才说。 It causes cellular dysfunction, which can decrease the regulation of several physiological processes, including metabolism.它造成细胞功能，它可以减少调控的几个生理过程，包括代谢。

Scientists believe that metabolic inflammation may be at the core of many chronic, obesity-related metabolic disorders that are so common today, he adds.科学家们认为，代谢炎症反应可能会的核心，许多慢性病，肥胖相关的代谢紊乱是如此普遍今天，他补充说。

Cai and his team zeroed in on NF-kappaB, a protein complex that can be activated specifically by IKKbeta to induce inflammatory reactions in many cell systems.蔡和他的团队锁定核因子- κB的蛋白复合物，可激活具体IKKbeta诱导炎症反应在许多电池系统。

In earlier studies at Harvard, Cai and colleagues found that the pathway interrupted sugar, fat or protein metabolism in tissues where metabolism typically takes place - liver, fat and skeletal muscle.在早先的研究，在哈佛大学，蔡和他的同事发现，通路中断，糖，脂肪或蛋白质代谢的组织在代谢通常需要的地方-肝脏，脂肪和肌肉。 Feeding mice high-sugar and high-fat diets activated the pathway in these tissues.饲喂小鼠高糖和高脂肪的饮食激活途径在这些组织。

Once he arrived at the SMPH three years ago, Cai began to consider whether metabolic inflammation might affect higher-up players in the central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus.当他抵达SMPH三年前，才开始考虑是否代谢炎症可能会影响到更高的球员在中枢神经系统，尤其是下丘脑。 This brain structure is a critical master regulator of appetite and energy balance, and also controls metabolism in the peripheral tissues he had studied before.这种大脑结构是一个关键的主控调节食欲和能量平衡，同时也控制代谢的周边组织，他研究过之前。 But nobody knew how the hypothalamus might contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.但是，没有人知道如何下丘脑可能的发展作出贡献代谢性疾病，如肥胖和糖尿病。

We wanted to learn whether the pathway or pathways underlying metabolic inflammation could affect metabolism regulators in the central nervous system, he says.我们想了解是否通路或潜在的代谢途径炎症可能会影响代谢调节中枢神经系统，他说。

In the current study, Cai and his team found first that IKKbeta/NF-kappaB does indeed exist in specific neurons in the hypothalamus.在目前的研究中，蔡和他的团队发现：第一， IKKbeta /核因子- κB确实存在在特定神经元的下丘脑。 The pathway is much more abundant in the hypothalamus than in peripheral tissue, and it normally remains inactive in the brain.的途径更为丰富的下丘脑比周围组织，它通常是无效的大脑。

The researchers next showed that over-nutrition through high-fat diet feeding activates IKKbeta/NF-kappaB, specifically in neurons in the hypothalamus.接下来研究人员表明，营养通过高脂肪食物喂养激活IKKbeta /核因子- κB ，特别是在神经细胞中的下丘脑。

When we knocked out the IKKbeta gene to suppress NF-kappaB activity in these neurons, the animals were significantly protected from energy over-consumption and obesity development, Cai says.当我们淘汰的IKKbeta基因抑制核因子- κB活性的这些神经元，动物有显着保护，能源过度消费和肥胖的发展，才说。

The researchers also examined a cell component called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), shown recently to be involved in metabolic diseases involving over-nutrition, to see if it might play a role in linking over-nutrition to activate IKKbeta/NF-kappaB in the hypothalamus.研究人员还研究了细胞的组成部分称为内质网（ ER ） ，显示最近参与代谢性疾病涉及营养，看看是否可以发挥作用，联系过营养激活IKKbeta /核因子- κB在下丘脑。

At the intracellular level, when the ER is challenged with over-nutrition, this leads to ER stress, which can push the IKKbeta/NF-kappaB pathway to an active state, although the involved reactions could be quite complicated, Cai says.在细胞水平，当雌激素受体与面临的挑战是过度的营养，这导致雌激素受体压力，从而推动IKKbeta /核因子- κB通路，以积极的状态，虽然参与的反应可能是十分复杂的，蔡说。

In several experiments, the researchers found that ER stress caused by over-nutrition activated IKKbeta/NF-kappaB in the hypothalamus.在一些实验中，研究人员发现，雌激素受体所造成的应力超过营养激活IKKbeta /核因子- κB在大鼠下丘脑。 Suppressing ER stress in the central nervous system significantly preserved normal regulation of food intake and prevented obesity.抑制雌激素受体强调中枢神经系统显着维护正常的调节食物摄入量，防止肥胖。

Cai says there is still a lot of work to be done.蔡说，仍有许多工作要做。 His group has begun studying IKKbeta/NF-kappaB connections to other pathways and regulations in the hypothalamus.他的集团已开始研究IKKbeta /核因子- κB连接到其他的途径和规章中的下丘脑。

The ultimate goal will certainly be to identify a selective and effective suppressor of the pathway to target related neurons, he says, and hopefully find medications to help control appetite and obesity.最终的目标一定会找到一个选择性的和有效的抑制通路的目标有关的神经元，他说，希望找到的药物来帮助控制食欲和肥胖。

Jefferson.edu - A research team, led by investigators at the Department of Surgery at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University and the Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, has achieved a substantial “kill” of pancreatic cancer cells by using nanoparticles to successfully deliver a deadly diphtheria toxin gene. Jefferson.edu -一个研究小组，由调查员在外科部在杰弗逊医学院的托马斯杰斐逊大学K immel癌症中心杰弗逊，已取得了实质性的“扼杀”的胰腺癌细胞利用纳米粒子成功地推出致命的白喉毒素基因。 The findings – set to be published in the October 2008 issue of Cancer Biology & Therapy – reflect the first time this unique strategy has been tested in pancreatic cancer cells, and the success seen offers promise for future pre-clinical animal studies, and possibly, a new clinical approach.调查结果-设置将刊登在2 008年1 0月的C ancer生物学与理疗-反映了第一次这种独特的战略，已经过测试的胰腺癌细胞，并成功提供了保证看到未来的临床前动物研究中，并可能，一个新的临床方法。

The researchers found that delivery of a diphtheria toxin gene inhibited a basic function of pancreatic tumor cells by over 95 percent, resulting in significant cell death of pancreatic cancer cells six days after a single treatment.研究人员发现，交付白喉毒素基因抑制的基本职能胰腺肿瘤细胞的百分之九十五，造成大量细胞死亡的胰腺癌细胞六天后的单一治疗。 They also demonstrated that the treatment targets only pancreatic cancer cells and leaves normal cells alone, thus providing a potential ‘therapeutic window.’ Further, they are targeting a molecule that is found in over three-quarters of pancreatic cancer patients.他们还表明，治疗目标只胰腺癌细胞和正常细胞的叶片，仅从而提供了一种潜在的治疗窗口。此外，他们的目标分子，这种分子中发现了四分之三的胰腺癌患者。

“For the pancreatic cancer world, this is very exciting,” says the study’s lead author, molecular biologist Jonathan Brody, Ph.D. “对于胰腺癌的世界，这是非常令人兴奋的说： ”这项研究的领导者，分子生物学家乔纳森布罗迪，博士 “There are no effective targeted treatments for pancreatic cancer, aside from surgery for which only a minority of patients qualify. “有没有有效的有针对性的治疗胰腺癌，除了手术治疗，只有少数患者的资格。 We are in great need of translating the plethora of molecular information we know about this disease to novel therapeutic ideas.”我们非常需要把过多的分子信息，我们了解这一疾病的治疗，以新颖的想法。 “

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the US, reflecting the generally short survival time of patients - often less than a year from diagnosis.胰腺癌是第四导致癌症相关的死亡率在美国，这反映了一般存活时间短的患者-往往不到一年的时间里从诊断。

This approach was originally developed in ovarian cancer cells by study co-author Janet Sawicki, Ph.D., a member of the Kimmel Cancer Center.这种方法最初是在卵巢癌细胞的研究报告的作者之一珍妮特萨维基博士，一名成员Kimmel癌症中心。 She and her group had recent success in reducing the size of ovarian tumors following treatment with diphtheria toxin nanoparticles.她和她的小组最近成功地减少了规模以下卵巢肿瘤治疗白喉毒素纳米粒子。

The strategy is based on the fact that both ovarian and pancreatic cancer cells significantly over-express a protein found on the cell membrane, called mesothelin.战略是基于一个事实，即这两个卵巢癌和胰腺癌细胞显着过度表达的一种蛋白质上发现细胞膜中，所谓的mesothelin 。 The function of that molecule is unknown, but it is found in the majority of pancreatic tumors and ovarian cancer tumors.功能的分子是未知的，但它是发现在大多数胰腺肿瘤和卵巢癌肿瘤。 Other solid tumors also express mesothelin, but not at such a high rate.其他实体肿瘤也表示mesothelin ，但不能以如此高的利率。

“We don’t know completely why cancer cells repeatedly turn on mesothelin genes to produce these membrane proteins, but it gives us a way to fool the cell and hijack its machinery, to trick it into making other more potent genes that will be detrimental to the cancer cells,” Brody says. “我们不知道为什么完全癌细胞一再打开mesothelin基因产生这些膜蛋白，但它使我们的方式来欺骗细胞，并劫持其机械，诱骗到作出其他更有效的基因，将不利于癌细胞， “布罗迪说。

To do that, the researchers devised an agent that consists of a bit of mesothelin DNA connected to the gene that produces the toxin from diphtheria, a highly contagious and potentially deadly bacteria, which is now controlled through childhood DPT vaccination.为了做到这一点，研究人员设计了一个代理人，由一个有点mesothelin相连的DNA的基因产生的毒素白喉，具高度传染性的和潜在的致命细菌，这是目前控制儿童白喉，百日咳，破伤风疫苗。 “Naked” DNA is then coated in a polymer to form nanoparticles that are taken up by the cancer cells. “裸体”的DNA ，然后涂在聚合物纳米粒子形式是采取行动的癌细胞。

Inside the cells, the agent performs its trickery.里面的细胞，履行其代理人弄虚作假。 The nanoparticles biodegrade and the cell machinery senses genetic material from mesothelin.该纳米生物降解和机械感官细胞遗传物质从mesothelin 。 It activates the diphtheria toxin gene, which then turns on production of the toxin which allows the toxin to then do its work on the cancer cells, Brody says.它激活了白喉毒素的基因，然后把生产的毒素，让毒素，然后做工作的癌细胞，布罗迪说。 Within 24 hours of delivery, the toxin disrupted production of protein machinery by over 95 percent, and within six days, a number of cancer cells die or are arrested.在24小时内交货，毒素干扰蛋白的生产机械超过百分之九十五，并在6天，一些癌细胞死亡或被捕。

“The cancer thinks it is turning on mesothelin and once it gets started reading that genetic code, it can’t stop,” he says. “癌症认为这是打开mesothelin ，一旦得到开始阅读的遗传密码，它不能停止， ”他说。 “So it will read the bacteria’s DNA and produce the toxin which shuts down protein production in the cancer cells.” “因此，将宣读细菌的DNA ，并产生毒素而关机蛋白生产中的癌细胞。 ”

“It worked well in our cell culture models and now we are moving into pre-clinical experiments,” Brody says. “它运作良好，在我们的细胞培养模式，现在我们正在进入临床前试验， ”布罗迪说。

The agent will not attack normal cells because the molecular machinery needed to turn on mesothelin is not found in normal cells, Brody says.代理不会攻击正常细胞的分子，因为机器需要打开mesothelin没有发现在正常细胞中，布罗迪说。 Additionally, Sawicki has modified the diphtheria DNA to ensure that toxin that might be released from dying cancer cells is not taken up by healthy, normal cells.此外，萨维基已经修改了白喉的DNA ，以确保毒素，可能会释放出癌细胞死亡不采取行动的健康，正常细胞。

But the researchers are now perfecting even more stringent measures to ensure safety, he says.但研究人员目前正在完善更加严格的措施，以确保安全，他说。 “We can’t help being hopeful,” he says. “我们不能希望得到帮助， ”他说。 “Our findings suggest that such a strategy will work in the clinical setting against the majority of pancreatic tumors.” “我们的研究结果表明，这种战略将在临床对大多数胰腺肿瘤。 ”

JAMA - Psychodynamic psychotherapy lasting for at least a year is effective and superior to shorter-term therapy for patients with complex mental disorders such as personality and chronic mental disorders, according to a meta-analysis published in the October 1, 2008 issue of JAMA .杂志-持久的心理治疗至少一年是有效的，优于短期治疗的患者复杂的精神疾病，如慢性人格和精神障碍患者，根据M eta分析发表在0 8年1 0月1日发出的杂志。

Evidence indicates that short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy is insufficient for a considerable proportion of patients with complex mental disorders, ie, patients with multiple or chronic mental disorders or personality disorders.证据表明，短期心理动力学心理治疗是不够的相当比例的患者的复杂性精神障碍，即患者多或慢性精神障碍或人格障碍。 Some studies suggest that long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) may be helpful for these patients.一些研究表明，长期心理动力学心理治疗（ LTPP ）可能会有所帮助这些患者。 LTPP is therapy in which emphasis is placed on more interpretive or supportive interventions, depending on the patient’s needs, and that involves careful attention to the therapist-patient interaction. LTPP是治疗的重点放在更多的解释或支持的措施，根据病人的需要，而且涉及认真注意治疗病人的互动。

Falk Leichsenring, D.Sc., of the University of Giessen, Germany, and Sven Rabung, Ph.D., of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of LTPP (lasting for at least a year, or 50 sessions) and whether it is superior to shorter psychotherapeutic treatments for complex mental disorders, including personality disorders, chronic mental disorders (defined as lasting at least a year) and multiple mental disorders.福尔克Leichsenring ， D.Sc. ，大学的吉森，德国和英格兰Rabung ，博士，大学医学中心的汉堡决策支持帮助及早检测，德国汉堡，进行了一项荟萃分析研究的有效性LTPP （持续至少一年，或50届会议）以及它是否优于较短的心理治疗复杂性精神障碍，包括人格障碍，慢性精神病患者（定义为持久至少一年以上）和多种精神疾病。 The researchers identified and included 23 studies for the meta-analysis (11 randomized controlled trials and 12 observational studies), involving a total of 1,053 patients receiving LTPP.研究人员发现，其中包括23个研究的荟萃分析（ 11随机对照试验和12个观测研究） ，共涉及1053病人LTPP 。

The authors found: “In this meta-analysis, LTPP was significantly superior to shorter-term methods of psychotherapy with regard to overall outcome, target problems, and personality functioning.研究人员发现： “在这个荟萃分析， LTPP明显优于短期的心理治疗方法方面的总体结果，确定目标的问题，与人格运作。 Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy yielded large and stable effect sizes in the treatment of patients with personality disorders, multiple mental disorders, and chronic mental disorders.长期心理动力学心理产生很大的影响，稳定尺寸治疗人格障碍，精神障碍患者多，与慢性精神障碍。 The effect sizes for overall outcome increased significantly between end of therapy and follow-up.”规模效应的总体结果之间的显着增加治疗结束和后续行动。 “

With regard to overall effectiveness, analysis indicated that after treatment with LTPP patients with complex mental disorders on average were better off than 96 percent of the patients in the comparison groups.至于整体效能，分析表明，治疗后患者LTPP复杂的精神障碍患者平均比更好的百分之九十六的患者中比较群体。

The authors add that further research should evaluate the cost-effectiveness of LTPP (JAMA 2008;300[13]:1551-1565).作者补充说，进一步的研究应评估成本效益LTPP （杂志2008年; 300 [ 13 ] :1551 - 1565 ） 。

In an accompanying editorial, Richard M. Glass, MD, Deputy Editor, JAMA, and with the University of Chicago, commented on the findings regarding long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.在一篇社论中，理查德M玻璃，医学博士，副主编，杂志，以及芝加哥大学的评论对调查结果的长期心理动力学心理治疗。

“… the meta-analysis by Leichsenring and Rabung in this issue of JAMA provides evidence about the effectiveness of long-term dynamic psychotherapy for patients with complex mental disorders who often do not respond adequately to short-term interventions. “ ...在汇总分析的Leichsenring和Rabung在这个问题上的杂志提供的证据的效力长期动态的心理治疗复杂性精神障碍谁往往不作出适当反应的短期干预措施。 It is ironic and disturbing that this occurs at a time when provision of psychotherapy by psychiatrists in the United States is declining significantly.具有讽刺意味的是和令人不安的是，这种情况发生时，提供心理治疗的精神科医生在美国是大幅度下降。 The reasons for this merit careful evaluation.这种情况的原因是值得认真评估。 To some extent this may reflect the cost-efficacy of treatments for some mental disorders with medications and brief supportive visits.在一定程度上这可能反映了成本的疗效治疗某些精神疾病的药物和简短的访问支持。 However, this trend appears to be strongly related to financial incentives and other pressures to minimize costs.然而，这一趋势似乎是密切相关的财政奖励和其他方面的压力把费用降到最低限度。 Is that what is really wanted for patients with disabling disorders that could respond to more intensive treatment?” (JAMA 2008;300[13]:1587-1589).是什么是真的想为患者致残疾病，可以应付更密集的待遇？ “ （杂志2008年; 300 [ 13 ] :1587 - 1589 ） 。