UCBerkeley - A natural phytochemical, DIM, found in broccoli and related cruciferous vegetables may have more health-boosting tricks up its sleeves, according to a new study led by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. ucberkeley -天然植物，暗淡，发现花椰菜及相关十字花科蔬菜，可以有更多的保健作用花招其衣袖，据一项新研究为首的研究员，加州大学柏克莱分校。

Veggie fans can already point to some cancer-fighting properties of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), a chemical produced from the compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C) when Brassica vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and kale are chewed and digested. veggie球迷已经可以点一些抗癌性能3,3 ' -青（暗淡） ，化学制成复方吲哚甲醇（子）时，甘蓝等蔬菜花椰菜，甘蓝和羽衣是咀嚼和消化。 Animal studies have shown that DIM can actually stop the growth of certain cancer cells.动物研究显示暗淡其实可以停止生长的某些癌细胞。

This new NIH-funded study in mice, published online on August 20, 2007 in the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry , shows that DIM may help boost the immune system as well.这个新的国家卫生研究所资助的研究，在小鼠，在网上发表对2007年8月20日在该杂志营养生物化学 ，显示暗淡可能有助于刺激免疫系统等。

“We provide clear evidence that DIM is effective in augmenting the immune response for the mice in the study, and we know that the immune system is important in defending the body against infections of many kinds and cancer,” said Leonard Bjeldanes, UC Berkeley professor of toxicology and principal investigator of the study. "我们提供明确的证据表明暗淡有效增进免疫反应的小鼠研究，我们知道，免疫系统是重要的是保卫身体感染等多种癌症和说： "伦纳德bjeldanes ，加州大学伯克利分校教授毒理学及首席调查研究。 “This finding bodes well for DIM as a protective agent against major human maladies.” "这一发现预示着暗淡作为保护剂，对人体的主要弊病" 。

Previous studies led by Bjeldanes and Gary Firestone, UC Berkeley professor of molecular and cell biology, have shown that DIM halts the division of breast cancer cells and inhibits testosterone, the male hormone needed for growth of prostate cancer cells.以往的研究为首bjeldanes和加里凡世，加州大学伯克利分校教授，分子和细胞生物学，都已证明暗淡停止分工乳腺癌细胞，抑制睾酮的雄性激素需增长前列腺癌细胞。

In the new study, the researchers found increased blood levels of cytokines, proteins which help regulate the cells of the immune system, in mice that had been fed solutions containing doses of DIM at a concentration of 30 milligrams per kilogram.在新的研究中，研究人员发现，增加血细胞，蛋白质有助于调节免疫系统细胞，在小鼠已解决美联储含剂量暗淡在浓度为30毫克每公斤。 Specifically, DIM led to a jump in levels of four types of cytokines: interleukin 6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 12 and interferon-gamma.具体来说，暗淡导致跳两级四类因子：白细胞介素6 ，粒细胞集落刺激因子，白细胞介素-12和γ -干扰素。

“As far as we know, this is the first report to show an immune stimulating effect for DIM,” said study lead author Ling Xue, who was a Ph.D. "据我们所知，这是首次报告显示一种免疫刺激作用，为暗淡的，说： "研究的主要作者薛玲一位博士 student in Bjeldanes’ lab at the time of the study and is now a post-doctoral researcher in molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley.学生bjeldanes '实验室在当时的研究和现在的博士后研究员在分子和细胞生物学在加州大学伯克利分校。

In cell cultures, the researchers also found that, compared with a control sample, a 10 micromolar dose of DIM doubled the number of white blood cells, or lymphocytes, which help the body fight infections by killing or engulfing pathogens.在细胞培养中，研究人员还发现，与对照样品， 10 micromolar剂量暗淡一倍多白血细胞或淋巴细胞，有助于身体扑灭感染死亡或吞没的病原体。 (A large plateful of broccoli can yield a 5-10 micromolar dose of DIM.) （一盘大青花菜可赚取5-10 micromolar剂量暗淡） 。

When DIM was combined with other agents known to induce the proliferation of lymphocytes, the effects were even greater than any one agent acting alone, with a three- to sixfold increase in the number of white blood cells in the culture.当暗淡结合其他代理人已知诱导增殖淋巴细胞，其影响甚至大于任何一剂单独行事，以三至六倍数量增加白血细胞中的文化。

“It is well-known that the immune system can seek out and destroy tumor cells, and even prevent tumor growth,” said Xue. "这是众所周知的免疫系统能寻找和摧毁肿瘤细胞，甚至预防肿瘤生长的， "薛说。 “An important type of T cell, called a T killer cell, can directly kill certain tumor cells, virally infected cells and sometimes parasites. "的一个重要类型t细胞，称为笔杀伤细胞，可直接杀伤某些肿瘤细胞，贪吃蛇感染细胞有时寄生虫。 This study provides strong evidence that could help explain how DIM blocks tumor growth in animals.”这项研究提供了强有力的证据表明，可以帮助解释如何暗淡阻断肿瘤生长的动物。 "

DIM was also able to induce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), substances which must be released by macrophages in order to kill some types of bacteria as well as tumor cells.暗淡也能诱导更高水平的活性氧（自由基） ，该物质必须释放巨噬细胞以杀死某些种类的细菌以及肿瘤细胞。 The induction of ROS - three times that of a control culture - after DIM was added to the cell culture signaled the activation of macrophages, the researchers said.诱导活性氧-三倍的控制文化-暗淡后加入细胞培养示意活化巨噬细胞，研究人员说。

“The effects of DIM were transient, with cytokine and lymphocyte levels going up and then down, which is what you’d expect with an immune response,” said Bjeldanes. "的效果暗淡短暂，细胞和淋巴细胞的水平不断上升，然后下降，而这正是你期待一种免疫反应，说： " bjeldanes 。 “Interestingly, to obtain the effects on the immune response, DIM must be given orally, not injected. "有趣的是，获得对免疫反应，暗淡必须给予口头，而不是注射。 It could be that the metabolism of the compound changes when it is injected instead of eaten.”这可能是代谢化合物变化时，它是注入反而吃了。 "

To examine the anti-viral properties of DIM, the researchers infected mice with reoviruses, which live in the intestines but are not life-threatening.研究抗病毒性能暗淡，研究者感染鼠肠，其中居住在肠道内，但都没有生命危险。 Mice that had been given oral doses of DIM were significantly more efficient in clearing the virus from their gut - as measured by the level of viruses excreted in their feces - than mice that had not been fed DIM.小鼠已口服剂量暗淡显著更有效清除病毒从其肠-作为衡量水平的病毒排出体外，在其粪便-比小鼠并未联储暗淡的。

“This means that DIM is augmenting the body’s ability to defend itself by inhibiting the proliferation of the virus,” said Bjeldanes. "这意味着暗淡是增进身体的自卫能力，抑制增殖病毒， "说bjeldanes 。 “Future studies will determine whether DIM has similar effects on pathogenic viruses and bacteria, including those that cause diarrhea.” "未来的研究将确定是否暗淡，也有类似的效应致病病毒和细菌，包括那些引起腹泻" 。

The discovery of DIM’s effects on the immune system helps bolster its reputation as a formidable cancer-fighter, the researchers said.发现暗淡的影响，对免疫系统，有助于增强其声誉，作为一项艰巨的癌症斗士，研究者说。 “This study shows that there is a whole new universe of cancer regulation related to DIM,” said Firestone, who also co-authored the new study. "这项研究显示，是一种全新的宇宙规癌症相关暗淡， "费尔斯说，他们还共同撰写的新研究。 “There are virtually no other agents known that can both directly shut down the growth of cancer cells and enhance the function of the immune system at the same time.” "有，几乎没有其他已知的代理人可以直接关闭癌细胞生长，增强功能，免疫系统在同一时间" 。

DIM is currently under investigation in government-funded clinical trials as a treatment for prostate and cervical cancer.暗淡的，目前正在调查，在政府资助的临床试验，作为一种治疗前列腺癌和宫颈癌。

The University of California has filed patent applications on the use of DIM and its derivatives for immune modulation.加州大学已经申请专利申请就使用暗淡及其衍生物的免疫调节作用。 Berkeley BioSciences, Inc., a company co-founded by Bjeldanes and Firestone, has licensed the related patent applications from the University of California and is researching and developing immune-enhancing nutritional supplements and therapeutics based on this discovery.伯克利生物公司，该公司共同创办，由bjeldanes和凡世，已授权相关的专利申请，由美国加利福尼亚大学，是研究和开发免疫增强营养补充剂和疗法基于这一发现。