Scientists discover key to manipulating stress-induced weight gain.科学家发现关键操纵胁迫诱导的体重增加.

Georgetown University Medical Center - In what they call a “stunning research advance,” investigators funded by the NIH have shown that neuropeptide Y (NPY), a molecule the body releases when stressed, can ‘unlock’ Y2 receptors in the body’s fat cells, which stimulates the fat cells to grow in size and number.美国乔治敦大学医学中心,在他们所谓的"惊人的研究进展,"调查经费由国家卫生研究院已列即神经肽(肽),分子机构发布的时候强调,'解锁'y2受体,在体内的脂肪细胞它刺激脂肪细胞增长,在规模和数量. By blocking those receptors, it appears to be possible to prevent fat growth, or even to make fat cells die.阻断这些受体,它似乎可以阻止脂肪增长,甚至使脂肪细胞死亡.

The researchers indeed have been able to use simple, non-toxic chemical injections to add and remove fat in targeted areas on the bodies of laboratory animals.研究者确实已经能够使用简单,非有毒化学物质注射到添加和删除发在目标地区对机构的实验室动物. They say the discovery, published online in Nature Medicine on July 1, 2007, could revolutionize human cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery and treatment of diseases associated with human obesity.他们说,从发现,刊登在网上自然医学对2007年7月1日,伴随着人类美容整形美容手术和治疗这些疾病与人类肥胖症.

Investigators say these findings may also, over the long-term, lead to better control of metabolic syndrome, which is a collection of risk factors that increase a patient’s chances of developing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.调查人员说,这些结果也可较长期的,有可能导致更有效地控制代谢症候群这是一个集危险因素,也增加了病人的机会罹患心脏病,中风和糖尿病. Sixty million Americans were estimated to be affected by metabolic syndrome in 2000, according to a study funded by the Centers for Disease Control in 2004.60万美国人没有估计受代谢综合征,2000年根据一项最新研究经费由美国疾病控制中心在2004年.

In the paper, the Georgetown researchers describe a mechanism they found by which stress activates weight gain in mice, and they say this pathway − which they were able to manipulate − may explain why people who are chronically stressed gain more weight than they should based on the calories they consume.在该文件中,美国乔治敦研究者描述一个机制,他们发现所胁迫激活体重增加小鼠他们说,这条通路--它们能够操纵可能解释为什么人都是长期强调获得更多的重量比应基于热量消耗.

This pathway involves two players − a neurotransmitter (neuropeptide Y, or NPY) and the receptor (neuropeptide Y2 receptor, or Y2R) it activates in fat tissue.这条通路涉及两个球员的一种神经递质(神经肽,或肽)和受体(神经y2受体,或y2r)激活脂肪组织中. In order to add fat selectively to the mice they tested, researchers injected NPY into a specific area.为了增加发选择性老鼠试验,研究肽注射到一个特定领域. The researchers found that both NPY and Y2R are activated during stress, leading to apple-shape obesity and metabolic syndrome.研究者发现,这两个npy和y2r激活应激时,导致苹果型肥胖和代谢综合症. Both the weight gain and metabolic syndrome, however, were prevented by administration of Y2R blocker into the abdominal fat.既体重增加和代谢综合症,但被阻止当局y2r阻滞剂进入腹部脂肪.

“We couldn’t believe such fat remodeling was possible, but the numerous different experiments conducted over four years demonstrated that it is, at least in mice; recent pilot data also suggest that a similar mechanism exist in monkeys as well,” said the study’s senior author, Zofia Zukowska, M.D., Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Physiology & Biophysics at Georgetown University Medical Center."我们不能相信这些脂肪重塑是可能的,但众多不同的实验进行了4年,表明它是,至少在小鼠;最近的试验数据还表明,类似的机制存在于猴子表示,"这项研究的高级作者,zofia茹科夫斯卡,医学博士,哲学博士,教授和系主任生理学与生物物理学,在美国乔治敦大学医学中心.

“We are hopeful that these findings might eventually lead to control of metabolic syndrome, which is a huge health issue for many Americans,” she said."我们希望这些研究结果最终可能导致控制代谢症候群这是一个庞大的健康问题,对于许多美国人来说,"她说. “Decreasing fat in the abdomen of the mice we studied reduced the fat in their liver and skeletal muscles, and also helped to control insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, blood pressure and inflammation."减少脂肪在腹部的小鼠研究减少脂肪在肝脏和骨骼肌中,也有助于控制胰岛素抵抗,葡萄糖容忍,血压和炎症. Blocking Y2R might work the same way in humans, but much study will be needed to prove that.”阻断y2r可能以相同的方式工作,在人类,但尚需进一步研究证明."

More immediately, the findings could provide some comfort to stressed individuals who blame themselves for a weight gain that seems outsized given the food they eat, said Lydia Kuo, a medical student who earned her Ph.D.更即时,结果,可以提供一些安慰,以强调个人的人埋怨自己的一个体重增加似乎给予感人他们所吃的食品,伯格说,郭,一名医学学生拿到博士学位,她 in physiology due to work on the study.生理学由于研究工作.

“This is the first study to show that stress has a direct effect on fat accumulation, body weight and metabolism,” she said."这是第一项研究显示,压力有直接影响,对脂肪的积累,体重和代谢的,"她说. “In humans, this kind of stress-mediated fat gain may have nothing to do with the brain, and is actually just a physiological response of their fat tissue.”"在人类身上,这种压力介发增益可能无关大脑与其实只是一种生理反应,其脂肪组织中."

And perhaps the most rapid clinical application of these results will be in both cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery, said co-author Stephen Baker, M.D., D.D.S, associate professor of plastic surgery at Georgetown University Hospital.这也许是最迅速的临床应用这些成果将在美容和整形美容,说合著斯蒂芬贝克医学博士,d.d.s副教授整形外科在乔治敦大学医院. The ability to add fat as a graft would be useful for facial rejuvenation, breast surgery, buttock and lip enhancement, and facial reconstruction, he said, and using injections like those tested in this study could make fat grafts predictable, inexpensive, biocompatible and permanent.能够添加脂肪作为移植物将用于除皱美容,乳房手术臀部及唇增强,以及面部重建工作,他说,用针一样,在测试这项研究可以使脂肪移植可预见的,价格低廉,生物相容性和永久的.

Equally important, blocking Y2R resulted in local elimination of adipose, or fat, tissue, said Baker.同样重要的是,阻断y2r导致当地消除脂肪,即脂肪,肌肉,贝克说. “This is the first well-described mechanism found that can effectively eliminate fat without using surgery,” he said."这是一次良好的描述机制发现,可以有效地消除脂肪,而不采用手术,"他说. “A safe, effective, non-surgical means to eliminate undesirable body fat would be of great benefit to our patients.”"一个安全,有效的非手术方法,以消除不良体脂将大大有益于我们的病人."

Roxanne Guy, MD, president of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, of which Baker is a member, is also excited by the findings, although she agrees that more research is needed to find out how the animal findings translate in humans.roxanne家伙,海事,总统是美国社会的整形外科医生,其中贝克是一个成员,也是兴奋的结果,虽然她同意,还需要更多的研究以找出如何动物翻译结果在人类身上. “Providing a long lasting, natural wrinkle filler and a scientifically studied, non-surgical method for melting fat could revolutionize ‘growing old gracefully,’” she said."提供一个持久的,自然的皱纹填充剂和科学方法研究非手术方法融发革命性的老去风度",她说. “This discovery could also have positive implications for reconstructive plastic surgery procedures performed on the face and breasts.”"这个发现也可能有正面影响的整形美容手术对面部和胸部."

Stress + “comfort” foods = excess weight gain应激+"安慰",食品过剩=体重增加

Stressed and unstressed mice were fed normal diets and high calorie (high fat and high sugar, or so called ‘comfort food’) diets.强调轻声小鼠喂正常饮食,高热量(高脂肪,高糖,所谓『安慰食品')的饮食习惯. The mice on normal diets did not become obese.小鼠对正常饮食不成为肥胖. However, stressed mice on high calorie diets gained twice as much fat as unstressed mice on the same diet.但他强调,对小鼠高热量饮食上涨两倍发轻声老鼠一样饮食. The novel and unexpected finding was that when stressed and non-stressed animals ate the same high calorie foods, the stressed animals utilized and stored fat differently.小说和意想不到的发现是,当应激和非应激动物吃一样的高热量食品,绷紧动物利用,并储存脂肪一样.

“They gained twice as much fat as would be expected, and it was all in their belly area,” Kuo said."他们得到的两倍,脂肪可以预期,所以大家在自己的腹部地区,"郭说. Stressed versus non-stressed animals ate the same amount of food, but the stressed animals processed it differently, she said, explaining, “the novel finding here is that NPY works on fat tissue, not in the brain.”强调与非强调,动物食用同等数量的食物,但强调,处理动物有别,她说:并解释说:"小说在这里寻找的是工程肽对脂肪,而不是在大脑"

This finding makes sense if evolutionary advantage is considered, Zukowska said.这一发现有道理,如果进化优势考虑,茹科夫斯卡说. “If you can store fat for times of hardship, you have a fat reserve that can be turned into energy for the next fight."如果你能储存脂肪,为困难时期,你有脂肪储备,也可以转化为能量,为未来的斗争.

“The same mechanism may be happening in humans,” she said."同样的机制可能发生在人类身上,"她说. “An accumulation of chronic stressors, like disagreements with your boss, taking care of a chronically ill child, or repeated traffic road rages, could be acting as an amplifier to a hypercaloric diet when protracted over time."的积累,慢性心理压力,如不同意你的老板,照顾长期病患儿童或反复交通道路肆虐,可以充当一个放大器一个hypercaloric饮食时,长期维持一段时间. Depression may also be acting as a stressor.”抑郁也可充当一个压力."

Not only were the stressed mice much fatter, they began to exhibit the metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of obesity, Kuo said.不仅被强调小鼠胖得多,他们就开始展示新陈代谢和心血管疾病的后果,肥胖症郭说. “They had the glucose intolerance seen in diabetes, elevated blood pressure, inflammation in the blood vessels, and fat in their livers and muscles.”"他们葡萄糖容忍出现糖尿病,血压升高,炎症在血管脂肪在肝脏和肌肉中."

Professor Herzog believes that these research findings will have a profound effect on the way society will deal with the obesity epidemic.赫索格教授认为,这些研究结果都将产生深刻影响的方式将社会打交道肥胖流行. “There are millions of people around the world who have lived with high levels of stress for so long their bodies think it’s ‘normal’."有几百万人在世界各地的人都住在高压力水平这么久,其机构认为,它的『正常』. If these people also eat a high fat and high sugar diet, which is what many do as a way to reduce their stress, they will become obese” (Courtesy of EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS).如果这些人还吃高脂肪及高糖份食物,而这正是许多人的一种方式,以减轻他们的压力,它们将成为肥胖者"(礼貌风行!,服务促会).