• Alcoholics generally have dysfunctional sleep patterns, even during abstinence from alcohol.酗酒者通常都具有功能性的睡眠模式，即使是在禁欲来自酒精。
• New findings suggest that acamprosate shows promise as a treatment method for alleviating sleep disturbances experienced by alcoholics during abstinence新的调查结果显示， acamprosate表明承诺作为一种治疗方法，对于减轻睡眠障碍经历的酗酒者在禁欲

Alcoholics generally don’t sleep well.酗酒者通常没有睡个安稳觉。 Nor does abstinence improve the situation much.也不禁欲改善这种情况。 In fact, sleep difficulties during alcohol abstinence may be responsible for a relapse to alcoholism as individuals attempt to self medicate their sleeping problems.事实上，在睡眠过程中的困难，酒精戒断，可负责复发，以酗酒和个人试图以自我medicate自己的睡眠问题。 New findings show that an alcoholism-treatment drug called acamprosate, widely used in Europe, can alleviate post-withdrawal sleep disturbances by influencing glutamatergic transmission. 新的调查结果显示，是一个酗酒治疗药物所谓acamprosate ，广泛应用于欧洲，可以纾缓后撤出睡眠干扰，通过影响谷氨酸能传递。

Results are published in the September issue of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research .研究结果发表在9月号的酒精中毒：临床与实验研究。

“During chronic and excessive use of alcohol, short periods of deep sleep become interrupted by brief periods of restlessness,” said Luc Staner, director of the Sleep Laboratory of the Centre Hospitalier de Rouffach. "在长期和过量使用酒精，短时间的深度睡眠状态，成为打断了短暂的躁动，说： "吕克staner ，总的睡眠实验室，该中心住院治疗德rouffach 。 “This may also be accompanied by sleep terrors, sleepwalking and exacerbation of loud snoring or sleep apnea. "这也可能伴随着睡眠恐怖，梦游以及加剧大声打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停。 During the day, alcohol intake can exacerbate sleepiness, which disrupts performance and contributes to accidents even when an individual is not significantly intoxicated.” Staner is also a researcher at FORENAP, an organization that specializes in early drug development and research in neuroscience, located in Rouffach, France.在白天，饮酒可加重嗜睡，破坏性能，并有助于意外，甚至当个人并不显着令人陶醉" 。 staner也是研究员forenap ，该组织专门从事早期药物开发和研究在神经科学中，位于rouffach ，法国。

Sleep dysfunction does not necessarily improve with abstinence from alcohol, added Staner, who is also the corresponding author for the study.睡眠障碍，并不一定改善与禁欲从酒精，加入staner ，她亦是相应的作者为研究对象。 “Sleep is initially characterized by occasional nights of very little sleep and nightmares, followed by either progressive improvement or, very often, long-lasting sleep difficulties,” he said. "睡眠是最初的特点是偶尔夜很少睡觉，做恶梦，然后要么逐步改善，或者，很多时候，长久不衰，睡眠困难， "他说。 “If the latter, consequences may include decreased attention, vigilance, energy and concentration; increase in fatigue and malaise, irritability, etc. These often protracted symptoms lead some patients to resume drinking in an attempt to self-medicate their sleep problems. "如果是后者，后果可能包括降低注意力，警觉性，能源和浓度;增加疲劳和倦怠，烦躁不安等，这往往是漫长的症状，导致一些病人恢复饮用水中，企图自我medicate自己的睡眠问题。 Probably for this reason, persistent post-withdrawal sleep complaints have been shown to predict relapse to alcoholism.”大概正因为如此，持久性后撤出睡眠投诉，并已被证明是预测复发酒精中毒" 。

“These sleep problems among abstinent alcoholics construe a critical issue, as they can remain for up to three years,” added Timothy A. Roehrs, director of research at the Sleep Disorders and Research Center at Henry Ford Hospital, as well as professor of psychiatry and neurobehavioral sciences at Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit. "这些睡眠问题，其中戒断酒瘾construe一个关键问题，因为它们可以维持长达三年，说： "提摩太甲roehrs ，研究主任，在睡眠失调研究中心在亨利福特医院，以及精神病学教授与神经科学的韦恩州立大学医学院底特律。 “This would be the first study of its kind to show positive effects of acamprosate on sleep disorders.” "这将是第一个此类研究显示积极效果acamprosate对睡眠障碍" 。

The seemingly greater popularity of acamprosate in Europe, noted Staner, is probably due to the fact that the drug was approved by many European countries in the early 1990s, long before naltrexone (another alcoholism-treatment medication).貌似大受欢迎acamprosate在欧洲，指出staner ，可能是由于这一事实，即药物被批准的，许多欧洲国家在20世纪90年代初，早纳曲酮（另酗酒治疗药物） 。 “The drug is very safe to use and there is no cross-tolerance with alcohol,” he said. "毒品是非常安全的使用，不存在交叉耐受酒精， "他说。

Study participants (n=24 males) were recruited through physician referral or a local hospital outpatient department; all were confirmed as alcohol dependent according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition.研究参与者（ 24例男性）招聘透过医师转诊或当地一所医院的门诊处，都分别确定为酒精依赖据诊断与统计手册精神障碍-第四版。 Beginning eight days before alcohol withdrawal, in order to reach steady levels in patient plasma, and continuing for 15 days following withdrawal, researchers administered either acamprosate (two tablets of 333 mg) or a placebo.一开始八天前酒精撤出，以达到稳定水平，在病人血浆中，并持续了15天之后撤出，研究人员经管要么acamprosate （两片333毫克）或安慰剂。 Polysomnographic assessments were recorded during acute withdrawal (the first two nights following withdrawal), as well as during post-withdrawal abstinence (the last two nights of the study period).睡眠评估记录在急性撤回（首两晚后退出） ，以及在后撤回禁欲（最后两个昼夜的研究期间） 。

“Compared to the placebo,” said Staner, “results indicate that acamprosate objectively improves sleep disturbances of alcohol-dependent patients who are trying to stop alcohol intake. "相对于安慰剂，说： " staner " ，结果表明： acamprosate客观上提高了睡眠障碍的酒精依赖患者，他们正设法阻止酒精的摄入量。 This effect was observed during the first withdrawal night and was maintained after two weeks of treatment.这种效应被观察到在第一次夜间撤回，并保持着经过两个星期的治疗。 On a more mechanistic level, these results appear to implicate glutamate in both sleep disturbances and withdrawal symptoms, and acamprosate appears to be able to decrease the physiological effects of glutamate in the brain.”一个较机械水平，这些成果似乎株连谷氨酸在这两个睡眠障碍及戒断症状，并acamprosate似乎能降低生理的影响，谷氨酸，在脑" 。

Given that this was a very short-term study, Roehrs said he is hopeful that future research will address what the long-term impact of acamprosate may be.由于这是一个非常短期的研究， roehrs说，他希望未来的研究工作将有什么长期影响acamprosate可能。 He would also like to learn more about helping those individuals for whom acamprosate does not alleviate sleep problems.他也想更多地了解，帮助那些个人为谁acamprosate 没有缓解睡眠问题。